45° Elbow

I. Basic Product Parameters

1. Specification Range

●Nominal Pipe Size (NPS): Typically covers 1/2 inch to 48 inches (DN15 to DN1200), meeting flow and pressure requirements of different pipeline systems.

●Wall Thickness Schedule: Classified by American Standard Sch series, including Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, Sch80, Sch100, Sch120, Sch140, Sch160, etc. Wall thickness increases with schedule grade, suitable for low to high-pressure working conditions.

●Angle Precision: The 45° turning angle tolerance is strictly controlled within ±0.5°, ensuring accurate pipeline direction after connection.

 2. Material Selection

●Metal Materials: Common materials include carbon steel (e.g., A234 WPB, A420 WPL6), stainless steel (e.g., 304/304L, 316/316L, 321, 310S), and alloy steel (e.g., A234 WP5/WP9/WP11/WP22). Material selection should be based on medium characteristics (corrosiveness, temperature, pressure).

●Non-Metal Materials: PVC, PPR, and other plastic materials can be used in special working conditions, featuring acid-alkali resistance and lightweight properties.

II. Structural Features & Design Advantages

1. Overall Structure

●Forming Process: Adopts seamless or welded forming technology. Seamless elbows are suitable for high-pressure environments; welded elbows (e.g., butt weld elbows) are connected to pipelines via bevel welding to ensure joint strength.

●Flow Channel Design: Smooth flow channel with rounded inner wall transition reduces medium flow resistance and vortex, lowering pressure loss. Particularly suitable for systems requiring high fluid stability (e.g., chemical and petroleum transportation).

2. Connection Methods

- Butt Weld (BW): Ends are processed with bevels, forming an integral structure after welding with pipelines. Offers excellent sealing performance, suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature, and vibration conditions.

●Socket Weld (SW): Applicable to small-diameter pipelines (usually NPS ≤ 2 inches). Installation is convenient via socket insertion and subsequent welding.

●Threaded Connection (NPT): Internal or external thread design enables quick assembly, commonly used in low-pressure, ambient-temperature water and gas pipeline systems.

3. Pressure & Temperature Resistance

●Pressure Rating: Designed in accordance with American Standard pressure ratings (e.g., Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500). Elbows of different materials and wall thicknesses can withstand temperatures ranging from -196℃ to over 1000℃, meeting requirements from low-temperature LNG transportation to high-temperature steam systems.

III. Application Fields

45° elbows are widely used in the following industries:

●Petrochemical Industry: Crude oil, refined oil, and chemical raw material transportation pipeline systems;

●Power Energy: Steam pipelines and cooling water systems in thermal power plants and nuclear power plants;

●Municipal Engineering: Urban water supply and drainage, gas pipeline networks;

●Marine & Offshore: Ship piping systems and oil-gas transportation on offshore platforms;

●Food & Pharmaceutical: Sanitary-grade stainless steel elbows for clean pipelines in food processing and pharmaceutical industries;

●Metallurgy & Mining: High-temperature furnace pipelines and slurry transportation systems.

IV. Main Executive Standards

●Dimensional Standards: ASME B16.9 (Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings), ASME B16.11 (*Socket Weld and Threaded Forged Fittings);

●Material Standards: ASTM A234 (Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel Pipe Fittings*), ASTM A403 (Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings);

●Pressure-Temperature Rating: ASME B16.5 (Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings).